REDUCING CARBON FOOTPRINTS
- Carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide and other green house gases released
- Carbon capture and storage where carbon dioxide released from powerstations is pumped underground into the rocks to cut down emissions.
- Using biofuel as they are carbon neutral
- Finding alternative source of energy to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels.
- Carbon sequestration is the process of collecting the carbon dioxide in solid or the liquid form.
AIR POLLUTION
ACID RAIN Formation Sulphur and nitrogen present in fossil fuels forms carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide by combustion. Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide combine with rainwater forming nitric acid and sulphuric acid and falls as acid rain.
Effects - a) Makes soil acidic
- b) Damage trees and aquatic life
- c) Corrossion of building
- d) Errodes building and rocks
Prevention - a) Decrease in use of fossil fuels.
- b) Treat the waste to remove nitrogen and sulphur before evolving.
- c) Use alternative source of energy.
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SMOG
Smog is opaque or dark fog having condensed water vapours, dust, smoke and gases.
- Mixture of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide particulates in the lower atmosphere.
- Depletes ozones layer, cause dimming effect.
- Lowers the Earth’s temperature
- If inhaled causes damage to lungs, respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases.
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KEY TERMS
Atmosphere – The earth is surrounded by a huge mantle of air called the atmosphere. It is maintained on our planet by its gravitational attraction.
Fossil Fuels – A hydrocarbon fuel, such as oil, coal or natural gas, derived from the accumulated remains of ancient plants and animals and used as fuel.
Sedimentary Rocks – Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers and often contain fossils.
Greenhouse effect – It is warming effect found in green house by allowing solar radiations to pass in but preventing long wave heat radiations to pass out due to glass panes, water vapours and carbon dioxide.
Global Warming – Rise in mean temperature of the earth. It is due to the excess amount of green house gases present in the atmosphere
Climate Change – Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns and other climate measures that occur over several decades.
Particulates – Particulate matter is a mixture of dangerous solid and liquid particles in the air. The types of polluting particles are fog, dust, smoke and smoke particles.
Global Dimming – It is defined as the decrease in the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.
Combustion – It occurs when any organic material is reacted (burned) in the presence of oxygen to give off the products of carbon dioxide and water and Energy
Incomplete Combustion – A reaction or process that involves only the partial combustion of a fuel. This could be due to lack of oxygen or low temperature, which prevents complete chemical reaction. Banner 9
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