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AQA GCSE Biology B10 The Human Nervous System Kerboodle Answers

This page contains the AQA GCSE Biology B10 The Human Nervous System kerboodle answers for revision and understanding .This page also contains the link to the notes and video for the revision of this topic.

Banner 1 B 10.1 Principles of homeostasis AQA GCSE BIOLOGY B10 The Human Nervous System: Kerboodle answer Page no. 135

1. Answer.

Homeostasis – regulation of the internal conditions of cells to maintain optimum conditions for functioning, in response to internal and external changes .It is important for maintaining optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions.

2. Comparing receptors, coordination centres, and effectors.

1. Receptors:

These are the cells that detect changes in the internal or external environment.Receptors may be part of the nervous or the hormonal control systems of the body.

2. Coordination centres:

These areas receive and process the information from the receptors.They send out signals and coordinate the response of the body.

3. Effectors:

Muscles which takes action responding to stimulus are called effectors. These responses restore conditions in the body to the optimum levels.

3. a. three ways in which your external environment might vary:

1. Change in temperature

2. Stress conditions such as low oxygen content.

3. light conditions that is daytime or night.

b. each of your answers to part a affects your body as follows:

1. Change in temperature outside leads to sweating to maintain homeostasis.

2. Low oxygen content leads to increase in breathing.

3. Change in light outside leads to change in circadian rhythm.

Banner 2 B 10.2 Structure and function of human nervous system AQA GCSE BIOLOGY B10 The Human Nervous System: Kerboodle Answer Page no. 137

1. a. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts. The brain and spinal cord form the control center known as the central nervous system (CNS), where information is evaluated and decisions made.

b. difference between a neurone and a nerve :Neurone are the primary structures of CNS . A bundle of primary neurons is called a nerve.

c. difference between a sensory neurone and a motor neurone Sensory neurons – The cells that carry impulses from your sense organs to your CNS.

Motor neurons- They carry information from the CNS to the rest of your body. It coordinates the response and sends impulses out along special cells. 

2. a. types of sense receptors:

Chemo receptors

Thermo receptors

Mechano receptors

Photo receptors

b. Chemicals -chemo receptors

Temperature – thermo receptors

Pressure – mechano receptors

Light – photo receptors

3. When you see a piece of fruit. pick it up, and eat Receptors in digestive system sends signals for appetite. When eyes see the fruit they send a message by the optic nerve to the CNS to pict it up and eat it.

3. Receptors in digestive system sends signals for appetite. When eyes see the fruit they send a message by the optic nerve to the CNS to pict it up and eat it.

Banner 3 B 10.3 Reflex actions  AQA GCSE BIOLOGY B10 The Human Nervous System: Kerboodle Answer Page no. 139

1. a. Reflexes are important to a living organisms because some activities like breathing etc don’t need a signal by brain to breath.It is by the peripheral nervous system and do not involve CNS.

b. it is important that reflexes don’t go to the conscious areas of your brain. If relexes go to the brain they will take a very long time than required to avoid a injury.

2. Some actions such as breathing and swallowing are reflex actions, while others such as speaking and eating are under your conscious control. As in sleeping and breathing CNS not involved only reflexes do their work. An electrical impulse passes from the receptor along the sensory neurone to the CNS. It then passes along a relay neurone  and straight back along the motor neurone. From there, the impulse arrives at the effector organ. In case of speaking there is an active role of involvement of central nervous system.

3. When you step on a pin, and just when the pin is about to pierce  our PNS sends signal by reflex arc to the muscles of leg to lift off the leg as soon as possible. The mechanism involved is:

An electrical impulse from a receptor passes along a sensory neurone to the CNS – in this case, the spinal cord.
When an impulse from the sensory neurone arrives at the synapse with a relay neurone, a chemical is released.

The chemical diffuses across the synapse to the relay neurone where it sets off a new electrical impulse that travels along the relay neurone.

The chemical diffuses across the synapse and starts a new electrical impulse travelling down the motor neurone to the effector.

Banner 4 AQA GCSE BIOLOGY B10 The human nervous System Summary Questions:Kerboodle Answer Page No. 140

1. a. Maintenance of inner body environment constant in spite of changes in outer is called homeostasis.

b. the control of conditions inside your body is so important for appropriate working of the enzymes. Functioning of enzymes need proper temperature so that enzymes can work efficiently, optimal temperature and concentration of ions is required in order to do respiration.

2

A – Z

B – W

C – X

D – V

E – U

F – Y

3. a. Job of nervous system is to coordinate among body parts and giving response to stimuli.

b. nervous receptors that respond to light can be found in Eye

ii. nervous receptors that respond to sound can be found in Ear

iii. nervous receptors that respond to temperature can be found in Skin

iv. nervous receptors that respond to touch can be found in Skin

c. Diagram to show pathway:

stimulus–>receptor–>sensory neuron–> relay neurone–>response

4. a. X is sensory neurone, Y is motor neurone

b. Difference between a neurone and a nerve are:

Neurone is an individual nerve cell and the primary unit of nervous system.

While nerve is a bundle of many neurons  connected with each other.

c. SYNAPSE

d. Synapses are intersections forming physical gaps between neurons. Electrical impulses travelling laterally neurons must cross synapse. When impulse reaches synapse, chemicals are released into gap between neurons. Chemicals then picked up by receptor sites on surface of next neurone across synapse, setting up new electrical impulse in next neurone.

Banner 4 AQA GCSE BIOLOGY B10 The human Nervous System Practice Question:Page No. 141

01.1. The data is shown as a scatter graph rather than a line graph because here is the same test being repeated.

01.2. The results shown in the scatter graph might be easier to understand if they were drawn as a bar chart. Calculation of mean of the data. Calculation number of repeats.

01.3. It can be made from these results Ears have shortest reaction time.

03.1. An electrical impulse from a receptor passes along a sensory neurone to the CNS – in this case, the spinal cord.
When an impulse from the sensory neurone arrives at the synapse with a relay neurone, a chemical is released.

The chemical diffuses across the synapse to the relay neurone where it sets off a new electrical impulse that travels along the relay neurone.

The chemical diffuses across the synapse and starts a new electrical impulse travelling down the motor neurone to the effector.

When the impulse reaches the effector organ, it is stimulated to response.

3.2. Reflex actions are important to the body to avoid the injury is very less time.

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