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AQA GCSE Paper 1: Complete Revision Summary

PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER

Particle Model of Matter

• Density
• Change of State
• Internal Energy
• Specific Heat Capacity
• Latent Heat
• Particle Motion in Gases
• Pressure in Gases

DENSITY

MEASURING DENSITY

DENSITY CALCULATION QUESTIONS

STATES OF MATTER

CHANGE OF STATE

• One state of matter can be changed to another by heating or cooling.
• During the change of state, the mass is conserved.
• When the particle is heater it gains kinetic energy and particles tend to move far apart.

When the particle is cooled, it looses energy and the particles move closer. Melting Point It is the temperature at which the ice melts from solid to liquid without the change in temperature. For water it is 0 degrees. Boiling Point It is the temperature at which the water boils from liquid to gas without the change in the temperature. It is 100 degrees for water. Freezing Point It is the temperature at which the water freeze from liquid to solid to form ice without the change in temperature.For water it is 0 degrees. When we heat the ice :- a) The ice is heated. The temperature increases to zero degrees. At zero degrees, the melting point is reached. b) At the melting point, the ice melts to form water. At this stage there is no change in the temperature and if we plot the graph then it will be the flat section of the graph. c) After the ice is melted and forms liquid, the liquid is heated again until it reaches its boiling point at 100 degrees. d) At the boiling point, the water boils to form the gas or water vapor without any change in temperature. AQA-GCSE-Physics-Particle-Matter-of-Matter-1 Download now [download_after_email id=”5799″]

EVAPORATION AND BOILING

INTERNAL ENERGY

Energy stored by the particle of a substance KINETIC ENERGY It is the energy due to the particle’s individual motion relative to each other. POTENTIAL ENERGY It is the energy due to the particle’s individual position relative to ach other. Heating or cooling a particle changes its internal energy and changes the state of the particle.

LATENT HEAT

It is the energy transferred when the substance changes its state without the change in temperature.

LATENT HEAT QUESTIONS

MEASURING LATENT HEAT FROM GRAPH

Plot the graph of temperature changes with time for a given mass of ice let’s say 100 g of ice with the power supply of 50 W. Note the time for which the temperature did not change but change of state take place. LATENT HEAT OF FUSION Power= 50 W Time= 60 minutes= 3600 seconds E= Power X time = 3600 X50 LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of a substance by 1 degrees celcius.

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY and LATENT HEAT

Calculate the total energy required to convert to 750 g of water at 50 degrees to 120 degrees. Specific Heat capacity of water = 4200 J/Kg/C and latent heat of vaporization 2,260 KJ/Kg ?

PRESSURE IN GAS

Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the molecules So, the particles collide more and increases the pressure.

BOYLE’s LAW

For a fixed amount of gas at a given temperature, the product of Pressure and Volume is constant. If a gas at 20 KPa occupies the volume of 20 m3, then how much volume it will occupies if it is compressred to 10 KPa.

PARTICLE MOTION IN GAS

• The particles in the gas are moving randomly.
• The particles collide with the wall of the container and exert pressure.
• Greater the number of particles, more the collission and greater the pressure.

KEY TERMS

• Density:- Density is mass per unit volume.
• Melting Point:- It is the temperature at which the ice melts from solid to liquid without the change in temperature. For water, it is 0 degrees.
• Boiling Point:- It is the temperature at which the water boils from liquid to gas without the change in the temperature. It is 100 degrees for water.
• Freezing Point:- It is the temperature at which the water freeze from liquid to solid to form ice without the change in temperature. For water, it is 0 degrees.
• Evaporation:- It is the surface phenomenon in which the water is lost in the form of water vapours from the surface of the water at the temperature below the boiling point.
• Boiling:- The change of a liquid to a gas at the boiling point. Boiling occurs throughout the liquid and it results in the formation of bubbles.
• INTERNAL ENERGY:- Energy stored by the particle of a substance. It is the sum of particles potential energy and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy of a particle is the energy due to the particle’s individual motion relative to each other. Potential Energy of a particle is energy due to the particle’s individual position relative to each other.